Il Ramadan

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Il Ramadan

Il 13 aprile è iniziato il Ramadan, il nono mese del calendario islamico e il mese sacro del digiuno, della preghiera e dell’elemosina per i musulmani. Il calendario islamico è un calendario lunare e dura 354 giorni; ragione per cui, ogni anno solare, il Ramadan si sposta all’indietro di 10-12 giorni.

La tradizione islamica afferma che è stato durante il Ramadan, nella “Notte del potere” (Laylat al-Qadr) – commemorata in una delle ultime dieci notti di Ramadan – che Dio ha rivelato al profeta Muhammad il Corano, libro sacro, come guida per il popolo.

I musulmani, in questo mese, devono astenersi dall’alba al tramonto dal cibo, dalle bevande (no, neanche un bicchiere d’acqua!), dall’attività sessuale e da tutte le forme di comportamento immorale. Il digiuno non deve in alcun modo rappresentare un danno per la salute e per questo sono esentate tutte le persone con problemi di salute, gli anziani, le donne con le mestruazioni, in gravidanza o che allattano, i bambini e i viaggiatori durante lunghi viaggi.

Sebbene sia inteso più comunemente come un periodo di digiuno, il mese di Ramadan è in realtà interpretato più ampiamente come un periodo di introspezione, di pratica dell’autocontrollo e di un approccio di sensibilizzazione nei confronti di tutti i poco fortunati del mondo che devono combattere ogni giorno la fame; in questo periodo è molto più attiva la beneficenza e le donazioni di cibo della comunità islamica.

Poco prima dell’alba viene consumato un pasto chiamato “suhr” mentre, dopo il tramonto, il digiuno viene interrotto da un pasto chiamato “iftar” condiviso tra amici e famiglia allargata. La fine del mese di Ramadan è celebrata dal Eid al-Fitr, la “Festa della rottura del digiuno”, che è una delle due principali festività religiose del calendario musulmano.

Questi rappresentano momenti importantissimi di aggregazione e socialità su cui hanno inciso di certo le restrizioni della pandemia. Ogni anno il Ramadan coinvolge circa 1 miliardo e 800 mila musulmani in tutto il mondo e quest’anno, per la seconda volta, dovranno compiere il digiuno durante la pandemia di Covid-19. Sebbene sia un periodo “inusuale” per i fedeli, che sono abituati a recarsi presso le moschee per compiere le preghiere o presso case di amici e parenti per condividere i pasti, l’atto di culto e lo spirito di fede non cambiano: dopo più di un anno di convivenza con il virus, le persone civili hanno appreso che in queste circostanze la coesione può dare vita a risultati importanti. È una sfida che deve essere combattuta insieme, dove ognuno dovrebbe sentirsi responsabile della sicurezza degli altri e seguire le misure d’emergenza dei vari governi.

E, proprio perché è un periodo diverso, si percepisce una sorta di fratellanza universale, che non riguarda solo l’élite islamica. Ciò è testimoniato dalla manifestazione di rispetto da parte di molte persone di altre culture e religioni che, nel porgere semplicemente gli auguri in occasioni di tale celebrazione, cercano di condividerne la gioia.

Zahra Meddour
@zahra_medd

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