Il Colosseo e le tragiche storie dietro la sua costruzione

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Una parte della storia che in molti ignorano
Il Colosseo e le tragiche storie dietro la sua costruzione
Dai soldi della costruzione alla Domus Aurea su cui è stato eretto

La maestosità del Colosseo nasconde una quantità ingente di storie tragiche: esso non è solo il monumento noto a tutto il mondo per le battaglie di gladiatori e per la sua perfezione artistica, è altresì un simbolo di sangue, persecuzioni e sterminio ignobile di animali; e questa è certamente una parte rilevante della storia dell’Anfiteatro non nota ai più. Ma andiamo per gradi.

L’Anfiteatro Flavio (o Colosseo) venne costruito a partire dal 71 d.C. per volontà dell’imperatore Vespasiano, poi inaugurato da Tito nell’80. Il primo dei due decise di costruirlo, oltre che per dare un nuovo svago al popolo, per un preciso motivo: far dimenticare gli ultimi, terribili anni del governo di Nerone. Esso, infatti, spietato e maniacale in tutto ciò che faceva, aveva fatto creare, per evidenziare la sua potenza (che lui stesso amava assimilare a quella delle divinità), una immensa villa urbana al centro di Roma, con una grande statua che lo rappresentava (”Colossus” da cui deriva il nome attuale) e un giardino vastissimo, sui resti del quale fu, appunto, fatto erigere il nostro Colosseo. Fu dunque una vendetta architettata da Vespasiano per assicurarsi maggiore consenso, sfruttando l’odio del popolo contro lo spietato e sanguinario Nerone, colpevole di omicidi insensati e di sfruttamento dei poveri per quasi tutta la durata del suo principato. Ma non finisce qui!

La macchia più tenebrosa nella storia dell’Anfiteatro Flavio riguarda il denaro per la sua costruzione. In questo periodo, oltre ai cristiani, venivano perseguitate tutte le minoranze religiose che rinnegavano il culto pagano, tra cui gli ebrei: la maggior parte delle risorse per la costruzione del monumento vennero proprio dalla distruzione dei tempi di Masada e Gerusalemme; queste distruzioni, avvenute nella decade 70-80 d.C., videro i romani portare via l’immensa quantità di oro presente nei tempi ebraici e allo stesso tempo furono causa di massacri inenarrabili verso il popolo giudeo.

E’ forse meno impressionante e tuttavia altrettanto importante parlare anche dello sterminio di animali (togliendo gli umani deceduti per le battaglie gladiatorie) durante gli spettacoli che, in seguito alla creazione, avvennero nel Colosseo, durante le cosiddette “venationes” (cacce di animali contro animali e uomini contro animali): si arriva a parlare di decine e decine di migliaia di animali, tra i quali tigri, leopardi, elefanti, orsi, cervi e chi più ne ha più ne metta, con fonti che rivelano addirittura di giornate singole in cui avvenivano uccisioni anche di 5mila bestie.

Una parte della storia di Roma certamente meno conosciuta da chi si trova dinnanzi alla elogiata maestosità del Colosseo, una parte che tuttavia andrebbe ricordata più spesso, per non far dimenticare il gran quantitativo di uomini deceduti e le tragiche sofferenze che si nascondono dietro all’apparente bellezza del nostro simbolo nel mondo.

Simone Chiani
@simone_chiani

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